Let’s see how you did! If you didn’t get a few of these, don’t let it stress you out – it just means you need to play with more experiments in this area. We’re all works in progress, and we have our entire lifetime to puzzle together the mysteries of the universe!
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Answers:
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1. What is homeostasis? The ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment in the response to external changes.
2. What is an example of the body maintaining homeostasis? Many examples to choose from. One might be when we sweat to keep our body temperature down, or when we shiver to keep the temperature up. Another example is how we regulate the amount of sugar in our blood. All of the examples should show how the body uses a negative feedback loop to maintain homeostasis. We sweat just until we are cooled down, we shiver until we are warmed up, and we put sugar in our system just until we have enough.
3. Cells make up tissues, at least how many tissues make up an organ? Two or more tissues working together to serve the same function constitute an organ.
4. What are the four main types of tissues? Epithelial tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue, and connective tissue.
5. Describe how a negative feedback works and give an example. A mechanism of control in the body in which the result of a bodily function acts as a signal to stop. Plus one example (like the control of blood sugar, or blood temperature).
6. What is the biggest organ in the body? The skin.
7. The skin, hair, and nails make up which system? The integumentary system.
8. What are three ways the integumentary system helps maintain homeostasis? 1.) Helping regulate temperature, 2.) Sending sensory information about the environment outside the body to the brain 3.) Keeping water and germs out of the body 4.) Acts as a barrier to sunlight.
9. What are the two layers of skin? What is the fatty layer underneath the skin called? The two layers are the epidermis and the dermis. The fatty layer beneath is the hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue.
10. What role does melanin play in the skin? It pigments the skin, and helps protect the lower layers from harmful UV rays.
11. What causes acne? Clogging of the oil glands.
12. What three components make up the skeletal system? Bones, ligaments, and cartilage.
13. What are the main functions of bones? Support: Bones give the body its structure—its shape. It holds up the tissue against the pressure of gravity. protection: The bones protect certain tissues. For example, the skull protects the brain, and the ribs protect the heart and lungs. Movement: The bones work in concert with the muscles to give us the ability to move. Making Blood Cells: Certain parts of certain types of bones make blood cells. Storage: Bones store calcium and phosphorus (mostly calcium).
14. What is the difference between red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow? Red bone marrow makes red blood cells while yellow bone marrow makes white blood cells.
15. What are the three classes of joints? Fixed, partly-movable, and movable.
16. What are the four types of movable joints? Ball and socket joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, and gliding joints.
17. What are two key nutrients bones need? Calcium and vitamin D.
18. What’s the difference between skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle? Skeletal muscle is attached to our bones and allow us to move. We do not control smooth muscle. Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart.
19. Muscles work in pairs, what do we call the one that bends the joint? What do we call the one that straightens the joint? The muscle that bends the joint is called the flexor, and the one that straightens the joint is called the extensor.
20. What is the difference between stretching exercises, aerobic exercises, and anaerobic exercises? Stretching exercises warm-up our muscles and make them more flexible, anaerobic exercise build our muscles by making them work against resistance, and aerobic exercises increase our endurance.
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