Let’s see how you did! If you didn’t get a few of these, don’t let it stress you out – it just means you need to play with more experiments in this area. We’re all works in progress, and we have our entire lifetime to puzzle together the mysteries of the universe!


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Answers:
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  1. What trait do all vertebrates share? The presence of a spinal cord or column
  2. How is a phylum related to a kingdom? A phylum is a group of living things within a kingdom that have something in common
  3. What is agnatha more commonly known as? The jawless fish
  4. What are sharks bodies made of instead of bone? Cartilage
  5. What does the swim bladder do in bony fish? Allow the fish to control its density
  6. What happens if an object is less dense than the fluid around it? It will float up
  7. How do amphibians breathe in the larval stage? Through gills while living underwater
  8. What is a metamorphosis? A major change in body structure and appearance
  9. What effect does the loose connective tissue of toads have on their appearance? It makes them appear leathery and warty
  10. Why were salamanders associated with fire? They live inside logs and would come out if there was a fire
  11. Why do snakes need very flexible jaws? They have no limbs to grasp prey, so they have to use their flexible jaw to swallow things whole
  12. How are the kidneys of snakes different than other animals? They are one in front of the other instead of side by side
  13. How are the ears of snakes different than lizards? They have an external ear present
  14. How are the hearts of crocodiles different than the hearts of other reptiles? It has four chambers
  15. What is the purpose of gaping in crocodiles? To cool off
  16. How are crocodiles able to stay submerged in water for a long time? They are able to close off their nostrils
  17. What is the shell made from in turtles? Its ribs
  18. Describe the vision of turtles. They have excellent night vision and can see in color
  19. How do turtles stay in water to avoid predators? They can stay submerged except for the nostrils and eyes
  20. What are two ways reptiles are helpful to people? They eat pests, make good pets, and are used in the making of medicines

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