Let’s see how you did! If you didn’t get a few of these, don’t let it stress you out – it just means you need to play with more experiments in this area. We’re all works in progress, and we have our entire lifetime to puzzle together the mysteries of the universe!


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Answers:
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1.     What is the difference between an infectious and noninfectious disease? Infectious disease can be spread, but noninfectious disease cannot


2.     What are four types of pathogens? Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi


3.     How are viruses different than other pathogens? They are not alive


4.     Can a noninfectious disease be caused by a pathogen? Yes


5.     How do vectors spread disease? They bite someone with the pathogen, keep the pathogen with them, then spread that pathogen to the next person they bite


6.     What is the single best way to avoid getting an infectious disease? Washing your hands


7.     How can you avoid coming into contact with vectors when you are out in nature? Wear long sleeves and long pants


8.     What is the body’s first line of defense? The thick outer layer of the skin called the epidermis


9.     How do body excretions keep you from getting sick? Many body excretions contain pathogen-killing chemicals


10.    How does mucus stop pathogens? Pathogens get stuck in the sticky mucus


11.    What role does cilia play in the nose? Cilia sweeps up pathogens and moves them out of the body


12.    What comes out of your body when you cough or clear your throat? Mucus and pathogens


13.    When does your body send out signals for an inflammation? When pathogens have entered the body through the skin


14.    How are inflammations helpful? They bring white blood cells to the site of the infection


15.    How are fevers helpful? They raise your body temperature, making it harder for many pathogens to reproduce quickly


16.    What types of white blood cells are involved in inflammations? Phagocytes


17.    When would your body produce an immune response? When both the first and second lines of defense have failed


18.    Where are lymphocytes produced? In red bone marrow


19.    What is the function of the thymus gland? To store lymphocytes until they are mature


20.    What do killer t-cells do? Attack and destroy specific pathogens


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